WEATHERDUCK

Forecast verification & evidence

Cloud inversion forecasts compared with real observations

Explore cloud inversion case studies comparing saved forecasts with dated photographs and reports. See what matched, what changed and what the evidence can’t confirm.

The short answer

What counts as forecast verification?

Regional verification means a forecast saved before the event covered the later observation in the relevant area and time window. It does not mean every summit or valley inside that area saw an inversion, or that one forecast point carried the same confidence as the wider map.

The current archive contains selected positive case studies. It shows that useful prior warnings occurred; it is not an overall WeatherDuck accuracy rate.

Forecast reports

4 published reports

Newest reports firstDates below refer to the inversion

  1. Lochaber, Scotland

    Loch Quoich

    Replay of saved forecasts

    Forecast replay map with Loch Quoich marked near the western edge of the green Likely area.
    Map from the Loch Quoich replay

    Cloud filled the glen at dawn. Replaying forecasts saved before the event placed the observation within the wider “Likely” area.

    A replay using today’s method. This shares a weather event with the Torridon and Tap o’ Noth reports.

    Read the report
  2. Eryri, Wales

    Cadair Idris

    Forecast saved about 21 hours ahead

    Map from the Cadair Idris report showing the cloud inversion outlook across Wales.
    Map from the Cadair Idris report

    The forecast highlighted dawn around Cadair Idris. Photographs from Tyrrau Mawr and other dated reports support a wider cloud inversion across Eryri.

    The outlook weakened in one update. The evidence cannot confirm an exact cloud-top height.

    Read the report
  3. Northwest Highlands, Scotland

    Torridon

    Forecast saved about 43 hours ahead

    Map from the Torridon report showing the wider Highlands cloud inversion outlook.
    Map from the Torridon report

    The regional forecast pointed to a dawn inversion. A photograph from Beinn Liath Mhòr at 05:57 shows low cloud and mist lying in the glens.

    The outlook was weaker nearest the viewpoint. The photograph cannot confirm an exact cloud-top height.

    Read the report
  4. Aberdeenshire, Scotland

    Tap o’ Noth

    Forecast saved about 46 hours ahead

    Map from the Tap o’ Noth report showing the cloud inversion outlook over the Eastern Highlands.
    Map from the Tap o’ Noth report

    The Eastern Highlands forecast highlighted a dawn opportunity. Dated photographs from Tap o’ Noth show a sea of cloud below the hill at sunrise.

    The nearest saved forecast was about 16 km away. Its estimated height was not a measured cloud top.

    Read the report

How we check a forecast

For each report, we compare the forecast saved before the event with dated photographs or accounts from people who were there. We check the place and time, show how the forecast changed, and link to the original evidence.

The report explains whether the match covers the wider area or a particular viewpoint, including anything the evidence can’t confirm. If we revisit saved forecasts using today’s method, we label it as a replay.

Our weather data comes from the Met Office via Open-Meteo. Forecast cloud heights are estimates; photographs can show a sea of cloud, but can’t measure its exact height.

How our cloud inversion forecast works

Read the record fairly

What this archive does not prove

Good evidence includes the boundary of the claim. These limits apply across the archive.

  • Possible, Likely and Very likely are model bands, not calibrated percentage probabilities.
  • Forecast areas are regional planning guidance, not promises for every summit or valley.
  • Photographs confirm visible conditions but are not instrumented cloud-height measurements.
  • A modelled inversion boundary is not automatically the observed cloud top.
  • Selected positive cases alone cannot establish an overall success rate.
  • A mature record should also include false alarms, misses and uncertain outcomes as evidence grows.

Evidence into action

Use the record, then check the newest forecast

Evidence cases show how earlier signals behaved. Your decision should still use the latest inversion window, cloud-layer heights, wind and mountain conditions.